1. Preparation for the Month of Hospitality
Before the sighting of the crescent moon, the people of Turkmenistan begin their preparations. Spring cleaning of homes, the dusting and purification of mosques, and the gathering of Iftar essentials from local bazaars are the first signs of the approaching month.
One of the most beautiful traditions is "Reconciliation and Forgiveness." Family elders make dedicated efforts to resolve lingering disputes and grudges, as the prevailing belief is that fasting remains incomplete without inner peace and forgiveness toward others.
2. The "Ya-Ramazan" (Yäremazan) Tradition: The Echo of Spiritual Joy
One of the most distinct Ramadan customs in Turkmenistan is Ya-Ramazan, a tradition also recognized across broader Central Asia. In this ritual, groups of children and teenagers gather in alleys and neighborhoods after Iftar. They recite religious folk songs and prayers for the homeowners to herald the arrival of the holy month. Homeowners welcome these groups by gifting them sweets, nuts, fruit, or small amounts of money. This tradition serves as a symbolic bridge, transferring religious and social values to the younger generation.
3. Iftar Spreads: A Display of Turkmen Hospitality
Iftar in Turkmenistan is a symbol of generosity. There is a common belief that the spiritual reward for providing Iftar to others is as significant as the act of fasting itself.
Key Culinary Traditions:
• Turkmen Palow: The centerpiece dish made with lamb, carrots, and rice.
• Traditional Breads: Petir (a flaky, layered bread) and Çörek, both baked in traditional clay ovens (Tamdyr).
• Börek and Local Sweets: Various pastries and doughs filled with meat or greens.
• Green Tea: The primary beverage consumed between Iftar and Suhoor to maintain hydration.
4. Ramadan Nights in the Mosques
During Ramadan nights, mosques across the country experience their most vibrant days. Tarawih prayers are held with massive congregations in prominent landmarks such as:
• Gypjak Mosque
• Gökdepe Mosque
• Ertugrul Gazy Mosque (Ashgabat) Following these prayers, sessions for Quranic recitation and religious lectures often continue until the middle of the night.
5. Gadyr Gijesi (The Night of Destiny): A Night of Mercy
The 27th night of Ramadan is honored in Turkmenistan as Gadyr Gijesi (Laylat al-Qadr). The faithful spend the entire night until dawn in prayer and supplication. Significantly, the President of Turkmenistan traditionally issues a collective pardon for prisoners on the eve of this night—an act that serves as a national symbol of mercy, forgiveness, and the opportunity for a new beginning.
6. Eid al-Fitr (Oraza Baýramy)
The end of Ramadan is celebrated with Eid al-Fitr, which is a national public holiday. Key features of this day include:
• Eid Prayer: Men attend congregational prayers wearing traditional attire and the iconic "Telpek" (sheepskin hats).
• Visitation: Families visit the graves of loved ones and then gather at the homes of elders for "Sila-i Rahm" (kinship visiting).
• Gifts: Children receive new clothes and "Eidi" (monetary gifts) from relatives.
Summary
Ramadan in Turkmenistan represents a deep fusion of religion and culture. It is a time for reinforcing moral values, strengthening family ties, and showcasing the Islamic-Turkmen heritage in an atmosphere filled with social solidarity and spiritual grace.