Dating back to the 5th century AD, the fort has served as the seat of power for Kabul’s rulers throughout history, from the Kabul Shahis and the Mughals to the Durranis. Its massive stone walls, which stretch across the Sherdarwaza Mountain, represent one of the most robust examples of military architecture along the Silk Road.
The fortress has witnessed significant historical events, including the Anglo-Afghan wars, and was historically divided into the "Bala Hissar-e-Ulya" (the Citadel) and the "Bala Hissar-e-Sufli" (the residential and military quarters). In recent years, in collaboration with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), archaeological and restoration projects have been initiated to preserve the architectural remains of its various historical layers and prepare the site as a national archaeological park for visitors.