Beyond the now-destroyed Salsal and Shamama statues, the site contains over 750 caves and cavities meticulously carved into the mountainside. These caves served as temples, monasteries, and shelters for monks, and their walls are adorned with invaluable paintings.
Archaeological research has revealed that some of these frescoes, created using mineral and plant-based pigments, are among the world's oldest examples of "oil painting" (dating back to the 7th century AD). These artworks feature a fusion of Sassanian, Indian, and Hellenistic (Greek) styles, underscoring Bamiyan’s historical significance as a cultural melting pot in the heart of Asia and a vital hub on the Silk Road.