Inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity – 2014
Joint Heritage of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan
Introduction
The yurt—a circular, portable dwelling—is a hallmark of nomadic life across Central Asia. In Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, the craftsmanship of yurt-making embodies centuries of traditional knowledge, environmental adaptation, and familial cooperation. This cultural practice was jointly inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2014, during the 9th session of the Intergovernmental Committee (9.COM).
Structure and Components
A traditional yurt consists of three main structural elements:
Shanyrak: The crown or central dome ring, symbolizing the sky and family unity
Kerege: Wooden lattice walls that provide flexibility and portability
Uwyk: Curved roof poles connecting the shanyrak to the walls
The exterior is covered with felt made from sheep’s wool, while the interior is decorated with textiles, carpets, and symbolic ornaments. Each region and family may incorporate distinct patterns and motifs reflecting local identity.
Craftsmanship and Transmission
Yurt-making is a collaborative process requiring intergenerational transmission of skills:
Men typically craft the wooden frame, using carpentry techniques passed down through generations
Women produce felt, sew decorative elements, and arrange the interior space
In the village of Kyzyl-Tuu in Kyrgyzstan, entire families specialize in yurt-making, preserving and teaching the craft to younger generations.
Cultural Significance
Beyond its practical function, the yurt is a symbol of cultural identity, harmony with nature, and familial continuity. It plays a central role in weddings, national celebrations, and traditional ceremonies. In Kazakhstan, the shanyrak is featured on the national emblem, representing the home and unity of the people.
Safeguarding Measures
UNESCO’s recognition has led to increased awareness, cultural tourism, and support for local artisans. Both Kyrgyz and Kazakh cultural institutions actively promote yurt-making through workshops, exhibitions, and educational programs. The practice continues to evolve while maintaining its core values and techniques.
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Glossary of Terms
Term Definition
Yurt Portable circular dwelling used by Turkic nomads
Shanyrak Dome crown symbolizing sky and family
Kerege Lattice wooden walls
Uwyk Curved roof poles
9.COM 9th session of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Committee (2014)
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Countries of Joint Inscription
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
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References
UNESCO – Yurt-Making Craftsmanship
Folkways Today – Oral History of Yurt Making
National Museum of Kazakhstan – Yurt Symbolism
Evendo – Kyzyl-Tuu Cultural Immersion