The museum consists of 22 exhibition halls, where the finest masterpieces of Tajik history and civilization are displayed. The Museum has divided into four sections: Nature, Ancient and Medieval History, Modern History, and Fine Arts.
The Nature Section, located in the basement of the museum, introduces visitors to the wildlife, vegetation, climate, nature reserves, rock samples, and the origins of life on Earth.
The Ancient History Section, situated on the first and second floors, presents the geographical map of Tajikistan and historical artifacts from the Stone Age, the Sarazm settlement, Zoroastrian culture, various forms of art, and coins from the Akhamenid, Greek-Bactrian, Koshan, Sassanid, Samanid, Qarakhanid, Chagatai, Timurid, and Manghit periods. Exhibits also include relics from ancient Panjkent, pottery, and wall paintings.
The second floor begins with artifacts from the Samanid era, featuring items discovered at the Hulbuk Fortress, pottery, inscriptions, the wooden mihrab of Iskadar, tilework, copperware, weapons, and samples of calligraphy.
The Modern History Hall displays materials related to the recent history of Tajikistan, covering the period from the Soviet era to World War II.
In a special exhibition hall, gifts presented to the President of Tajikistan are on display.
The Fine Arts Section includes portraits, landscape paintings depicting the nature of Tajikistan, and sculptures created by Tajik artists from the 1930s to the present day. These exhibits allow visitors to trace the development of Tajik fine arts through different historical stages.
The National Museum is located in the center of Dushanbe and is open daily from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.