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Kazakhstan Arts & Crafts

Kazakhstan Arts & Crafts

 

Kazakh Clothing

In Kazakh national dress, national skills and creativity are clearly reflected. It possesses nomad influences in materials and style. Kazakhs have always  cherished the use of the skins and furs of animals. From the skins, fur coats, ton, and shash, the outer clothing was made of furs of wild and domestic animals. The clothes had the following names: janat ton – raccoon fur coat, kara tulki ton – blackbrown ,fox fur coat, kamshat boric - beaver cap, bota ton - a coat from baby camel's skin, jargak ton- a coat made from young horse skins, and others.When manufacturing clothes (dressing gowns, women's and men's trousers, head ware, dresses) satin and chain stitch (loop in loop), beading and precious stone embroidery were commonly applied. Mainly geometrical and plant patterns, as well as contour iconic images, for example, hunting scenes, were used in embroidery.

Many elements of national dress were made of leather, armiachin, felt and other materials. Cotton and silk were purchased in Central Asia. When Kazakhstan became part of Russia, Russian manufactured goods became popular, including cloth. Kazakhs sewed traditional forms of clothes from Russian materials (chintz, heavy cloth, buckram and velveteen). Rich Kazakhs often used woolen cloth (sukno), felt, silk, and brocade). The traditional outer clothes allowed free movement during long trips in the saddle, were warm in the winter and cool in the summer. The clothes for men and women were broad, long and tied at the waist with a sash. Both men and women wore wide shirts with vertical openings in front, and loose trousers gathered at the ankles (sharovar). The upper clothes of men included a jacket, loose sleeves gathered at the wrist, and cloaks. Fur coats were for the rich. The poor made do with tulups. Kamzols were light and lined with camel fur and sewn from purchased wool cloth (sukno), brocade and felt. Cloaks were sewn from textiles and Bukhara silk. In the winter, a warm lining of camel or sheep fur was attached. A shekpen sewn from sukno prepared from camel wool was worn over the shoulders. Men wore warm jackets made of camel wool gathered when their coats were trimmed. Winter boots were high with a wide shin cover, worn over felt stockings.

 

Arts & Crafts

 

Summer boots had heels. Old women wore socks turned up. The shoes of young women were decorated with beads and embroidery. Old people preferred soft heelless boots. They wore leather galoshes over them. Poor and shepherds wore felt boots with leather soles, and the poorest wore leather sandals with leather soles tied to the legs with small straps. Decorations were varied – wonderful appliqué work was sewn on clothes, hats and shoes. Women wore gold, silver, copper, bronze, coral, pearl and colored glass. Bracelets, earrings and necklaces - flat forged rings and furs. Decorations were important. Rings, depending on the tradition form, had various names, for example the ring "bird's claw". Necklaces were made from pearl, coral and beads. The waist was especially decorated for both men and women. Embroidery included silver badges and others. By the 1920s traditional dress had changed dramatically.Kazakhs now mixed with many other peoples, especially Russian. The transition in dress proceeded in fits and starts.

 

May 17, 2021 09:09
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